Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation

Nature, Published online: 27 November 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1785-z Screening of a library of bile acid metabolites revealed two derivatives of lithocholic acid that act as regulators of T helper cells that express IL-17a and regulatory T cells, thus influencing host immune responses. Press Release Distribution Service

Scooped in science? Relax, credit will come your way

Nature, Published online: 27 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03648-4 A study of protein databases shows that discoverers who are second to publish still end up getting a substantial portion of the recognition. Press Release Distribution Service

Towards spike-based machine intelligence with neuromorphic computing

Nature, Published online: 27 November 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1677-2 The authors review the advantages and future prospects of neuromorphic computing, a multidisciplinary engineering concept for energy-efficient artificial intelligence with brain-inspired functionality. Press Release Distribution Service

Malaria parasites fine-tune mutations to resist drugs

Nature, Published online: 27 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03587-0 Drug resistance in malaria parasites is mediated by mutations in a transporter protein. The transporter’s structure reveals the molecular basis of how key mutations bring about resistance to different drugs. Press Release Distribution Service

The truth in Moby-Dick, what makes science trustworthy, and the board game that won a war: Books in brief

Nature, Published online: 27 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03622-0 Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week’s best science picks. Press Release Distribution Service

Twofold expansion of the Indo-Pacific warm pool warps the MJO life cycle

Nature, Published online: 27 November 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1764-4 Since the 1980s, rapid warming of the Indo-Pacific warm pool has altered global rainfall pattern by changing the residence time of the Madden–Julian Oscillation, decreasing it by 3–4 days over the Indian Ocean and increasing it over the Indo-Pacific by 5–6 days. Press Release Distribution Service

The microscopic advances that are opening big opportunities in cell biology

Nature, Published online: 27 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03650-w A proliferation of imaging techniques spells good news for careers. Press Release Distribution Service

Arming the immune system

Nature, Published online: 27 November 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03636-8 In 1796, English physician Edward Jenner introduced the first vaccine, for smallpox, when he infected a young boy with cowpox. In the years since, vaccines — a name derived from the Latin word for cow — have been developed for many diseases, saving millions of lives. But the…

Ostrich eggshell beads reveal 10,000 years of cultural interaction across Africa

Researchers present an expanded analysis of African ostrich eggshell beads, testing the hypothesis that larger beads signal the arrival of herders. The data reveals a more nuanced interpretation that provides greater insight into the history of economic change and cultural contact. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

Humans co-evolved with immune-related diseases — and it’s still happening

Some of the same mutations allowing humans to fend off deadly infections also make us more prone to certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn’s disease. Researchers describe how ancestral origins impact the likelihood that people of African or Eurasian descent might develop immune-related diseases. The authors also share evidence that the human immune…

Laboratory-evolved bacteria switch to consuming CO2 for growth

Over the course of several months, researchers created Escherichia coli strains that consume CO2 for energy instead of organic compounds. This achievement in synthetic biology highlights the incredible plasticity of bacterial metabolism and could provide the framework for future carbon-neutral bioproduction. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

Inbreeding and population/demographic shifts could have led to Neanderthal extinction

Small populations, inbreeding, and random demographic fluctuations could have been enough to cause Neanderthal extinction, according to a new study. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

Researchers study chickens, ostriches, penguins to learn how flight feathers evolved

If you took a careful look at the feathers on a chicken, you’d find many different forms within the same bird — even within a single feather. The diversity of feather shapes and functions expands vastly when you consider the feathers of birds ranging from ostriches to penguins to hummingbirds. Now, researchers have taken a…

Stem cell therapy helps broken hearts heal in unexpected way

A study shows stem cell therapy helps hearts recover from a heart attack, although not for the biological reasons originally proposed two decades ago that today are the basis of ongoing clinical trials. The study reports that injecting living or even dead heart stem cells into the injured hearts of mice triggers an acute inflammatory…

Nine climate tipping points now ‘active,’ warn scientists

More than half of the climate tipping points identified a decade ago are now ‘active,’ a group of leading scientists have warned. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

Unique sled dogs helped the inuit thrive in the North American Arctic

The legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in Arctic sled dogs, making them one of the last remaining descendant populations of indigenous, pre-European dog lineages in the Americas. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

New way to identify, manipulate topological metals for spintronics

A recent study gives researchers an easier way of finding Weyl semimetals and manipulating them for potential spintronic devices. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

Oyster deaths: American slipper limpet is innocent

Researchers have managed to shine some light on the decline in numbers of the European oyster. They have concluded that the occurrence of the invasive American slipper limpet (Crepidula fornicata) is not one of the main causes for the European oyster dying out — unlike previously assumed. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release…

A new theory for how black holes and neutron stars shine bright

Astrophysicists employed massive super-computer simulations to calculate the mechanisms that accelerate charged particles in extreme environments. They concluded their energization is powered by the interplay of chaotic motion and reconnection of super-strong magnetic fields. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

Biodiversity and wind energy

The location and operation of wind energy plants are often in direct conflict with the legal protection of endangered species. The almost unanimous opinion of experts from local and central government authorities, environmental NGOs and expert offices is that the current mechanisms for the protection of bats in wind power projects are insufficient. Continue Reading…

Glass from a 3D printer

ETH researchers used a 3D printing process to produce complex and highly porous glass objects. The basis for this is a special resin that can be cured with UV light. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

Building a better battery with machine learning

Researchers have turned to the power of machine learning and artificial intelligence to dramatically accelerate battery discovery. Continue Reading at ScienceDaily.com Click Here. Press Release Distribution Service

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